1. snippet (n.) :a small part of something (such as a piece of music, a conversation, etc.) 一小段 例：Early movies were simple snippets of action – acrobats tumbling, horses running, jugglers juggling, and so on.
2. celluloid (n.)
1) a tough kind of plastic that was used in the past to make photographic film and other products（尤指舊時用於製作電影膠片的） 賽璐珞，明膠
2) —often used before another noun to refer to movies in general (總稱)電影 例：The new movie is about thecelluloid[=movie]stars of the past.
3. kinetoscope (n.) :an object containing a very small hole through which a person watched a film in the early days of film 活 動電影放映機
真題句子：Thomas Edison's peepshow device, the Kinetoscope, was introduced to the public in 1894. It was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which contained only a few individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time.
4. vitascope (n.) 投影式活動電影放映機 真題句子：Faced with competition, Edison perfected the Vitascope and unveiled it in New York City in 1896. 更多介紹： Vitascope, motion-picture projector patented byThomas Armatin 1895; its principal features are retained in the modern projector: sprocketed film operated with a mechanism (the “Maltese cross”) to stop each frame briefly before the lens, and a loop in the film to ease the strain. The Vitascope was adopted by Thomas A. Edison to project his Kinetoscope films, leading first to the Nickelodeon theatre and soon to the full-length motion picture.
5. phi phenomenon 飛現象 真題句子：Thephi phenomenonis the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. 影片參考：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zbzt7Cb2e4
6. Praxinoscope (n.) 鏡射式動畫幻影箱 The Praxinoscope is a typical optical toy from the 19th century. It consists of a cylinder and a strip of paper showing twelve frames for animation. As the cylinder rotates, stationary mirrors in the centre reveal a ‘single image’ in motion. 影片參考：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4B3FHHt_k8
7. Thaumatrope (n.) a scientific toy devised in the 19th century, consisting of a disc with a different picture on each of its two sides, these appearing to combine into one image when the disc is rapidly rotated. 動畫紙盤, 留影盤 影片參考：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U32Sv99cDOs
想用三堂課知道更多最新考情趨勢嗎？還能把真題依學科分類，一小時講完 一個學科，然後用真題先場演練驗證嗎？歡迎來上J2學科真題機經班： http://j2toefl.blogspot.com/p/j2toefl.html
近期高分同學心得：
lkjhsshe: 「閱讀聽力兩堂: J2的閱讀聽力課大量補充了各學科的知識，個 人覺得上起來很像大學的通識課，可以長很多知識的同時更了解托福學科內 容，讓我在做不熟的學科題目時能夠不慌張...」
gtim811554: 「我認為J2提供每個學科的Mind Map，很好的整理了該學科的 準備重點，例如：天文學喜歡出生命的出現、太陽系某行星的衛星;地質學 則喜歡物種滅絕的主題等等。」
holahola15:「J2 會透過真題補充各種常考主題的背景知識，包含了 生物、天文、考古、世界史、心理等等，以及分享了考前十四天的讀書計畫， 分主題類型的考題，讓我能更容易找到自己比較弱的部分，內容很多但J2上課用 心智圖帶過，再講解真題文章，上課其實可以理解很多概念， 會建議之後留比較多時間複習、或可以挑自己不熟的領域增加背景知識」
課程推薦對象（任一）：
＊閱讀、聽力答題率，會因為特定學科（如天文、歷史）知識、單字不足， 起伏不穩的同學 ＊實際考試口說、寫作會變難，想先練習近期真題和難題者
＊考過多次，分數無法突破，希望下一戰能穩定輸出、達到目標的同學
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Cheers, J2
