同學，請先從Who出發，再想What，Who也就是"從誰的角度出發？"，What是現在要做什麼事，做甚麼決定？這樣想的好處是，題目的what會一質改變，但是Who不太會變，托福愛考的Who就是哪幾個，所以假如同學能夠好好跑完10~20題獨立寫作機經題，並且想出三個理由，會對於審題想點有很大的幫助。
以下擬答的建議使用方式為請同學先根據題目自己想出Who跟What，並且想好三個原因，之後再參考擬答給的理由。如此一來，才能建立自己的邏輯思維系統，並且得到信心。
1. Students would receive a better,
effective education if they were required to attend classes for 11 months of a
year. 20080330CN
這題是who是students,以及他們所認為的better, effective
education。根據這個who想keyword，例如：假如你想到的是variety,
easily distracted, learn by trial-and-error，就會選擇不同意。假如你想到的keyword是learn actively, enjoy
learning by sitting in class and taking notes, high perseverance, etc. 那你大概會選擇同意。
Keyword: students/better, effective
education =>attend classes for 11 months.
a. Students are not good at
concentrating for a long period of time. In other words, they need time to rest
and have fun before focusing on class again so they should not be required to
take classes for 11 months. For example, when students are forced to take 11
months a year, they will be too tired to focus on their studies. Therefore, the
quality of education will severely decrease. On the contrary, if students are
not made to attend classes for so long a period, students can have fun during
long vacations and then focus well when the next semester begins.
b. Students need to explore their
interests in order to receive a better, more effective education. Therefore, they
should not spend 11 months in class. For instance, a survey conducted by a
prestigious Taiwanese college once found out that students believe the most
effective way to learn is through experimenting. Furthermore, students often
spend most of their vacation outside school doing a variety of activities, such
as volunteering, travelling, doing internship, etc. However, if they are
required to take 11 months of class every year. Apparently, they would not be
able to experiment much.
c. If students wish to have a more
effective education, they need to utilize their knowledge in everyday life.
Thus, they should not be required to take classes for so long a year. Take my
own case as an example. Besides learning French in class, I also walk out of
the classroom and chat with French people in bars. Furthermore, I used the
language to order food in French and Madagascar restaurants. Therefore, I
received good education by putting the knowledge in class to some use in real
life. On the other hand, if I am required to take 11 months of class a year, I
might focus solely on my studies in class, instead of stepping out of my
comfort zone and use the knowledge in reality.
2. Agree or disagree: Company should
use public recognition, not money to
reward hard working.
20120608NA
一樣，請想一下Who是誰？Company在意的是甚麼？再去想what？因此，假如你想到company，浮現的keyword是profit, budget control, greater
effectiveness, etc. 那麼你就會選擇同意。假如你想要的是personal happiness of employees, achieving
goals, speed, etc. 你可能就會不同意。
Keyword: Company=>
public recognition/money as reward
a. Employees are more
concerned about how others view them. Therefore, public recognition should be
more effective than money in influencing the employees. For instance, to
increase the productivity, Google made a new rule and let each employee make their
own deadline per week and follow their own schedule. The schedule remains
public to every person in the company. Furthermore, since people care about
others' opinion, they work even harder than in the past. Apparently, Google has
one of the world's highest ranking in productivity.
b. Companies are
concerned about their budget control. Thus, it is in my belief that they should
utilize public acknowledge instead of financial reward to motivate the
hard-working. For instance, when firms encourage their workers by giving
financial rewards, they might have to pay a lot more money than expected. On
the contrary, when firms recognize the hard work of their employees by giving
them public applause, they can better control their budget, since they can
calculate how much cost is needed.
c. Companies want the
most effective method to reward their employees. Thus, they should use public
recognition to reward hard-working employees. Take a local Taiwanese firm for
example. Every time employees stayed after working hours, the boss gave them some
money. Gradually, employees started to work slower than usual so that they can
get some financial compensation for their hard work. In the end, deadlines were
seriously delayed and daily meetings were no longer efficient. On the other
hand, if firms chose to reward their workers by public recognition, they would
never encounter the problem.
3. Agree or disagree? The best way
to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend
time alone. 20071005CN
這題同學可以從自己的個性去想，一樣是先想Who，再想What。對你來說什麼是stress的來源?什麼叫做relax？假如你想到stress的時候，你想到的是與人比較，他人眼光，他人期望，與不熟的人交談，那麼你可能就會選擇同意。相反的，假如你想到stress時，想到的是寂寞、找不到訴苦的對象，覺得不被愛，等，那麼你就會選擇不同意，因為跟一群人相處時，你才能放鬆。
Agree:
a. When I am stressed, I
am used to thinking problems over by myself and spending time alone can help me
do so. For example, when I get into a fight with my friend, I spend time alone
and ponder about the situation by asking myself questions and answering them.
On the contrary, when I am with a group of people, I cannot hear myself think
not to mention relax.
b. I can only truly
relax when I do not need to worry about my image. Therefore, spending time
alone is the best way to reduce stress for me. For instance, when I am with
others, I often have to pay attention to the style of my clothes, the manner I
talk, even the way I sit. Once I wore a T-shirt to see a friend, and I was
anxious all the time about how she would view me. On the other hand, when I
spend time alone, I can dress in pyjamas all day if I want. I can also cross my
legs and sit comfortably without worrying about whether I act like a lady.
c. I enjoy spending
quality time with myself, so spending time alone is the best way to fully
relax. Take my own experience as an example. When I am alone, I can draw, play
the piano and read novels. After spending time alone, I feel fully rested. Yet,
if I spend time with people all day long, I cannot have any time with myself.
Therefore, spending time alone is the best way to fully relax.
4. Agree or disagree? There is no
reason to be impolite (rude) to other people.
20120318CN
Keyword: you=> impolite or not
先想你的特質是什麼？假如想到的是1.害怕被討厭 2.很注重形象 3. 覺得順從別人對你來說很重要，那就會選擇同意應該隨時對別人很禮貌。
Disagree:
a. I place emphasis on privacy, and
when others violate that principle, I find that there is a reason to be
impolite to them. For instance, when a girl keeps on asking questions about my
boyfriend, I wouldn't be very polite and answer each question obediently.
Instead, I would act impolite and talk about some other subject.
b. I also think that revenge is
important. In other words, if someone acts impolite to me, I would also treat
them the same way. For example, if a girl acts like a total bitch, saying,
"My dress is much prettier than yours." I would answer, "Yeah, I
totally agree. It's such a pity that I am much prettier than you though."
Apparently, it is important to be impolite to those who are impolite.
c. I stand up for those I love and
care about, so if someone treats them badly, I would be impolite to them in
order to stop them walking all over my beloved. Take my personal experience for
example. When I was small, once my sister and me were playing pretend games
with a bunch of girls from school. One of them ordered my sister to be her
servant. I grabbed hold of my sister's hand and left immediately, telling them
right there that they can be their own servants.
5. Parents should help children do
their work rather than encouraging them
to do the work on their
own. 20120617CN
Keyword: parents=>
let children do their work by themselves or not
一樣請先想一下parents的特質，再用這樣的特質去做選擇。
Disagree:
a. Parents are generally
occupied with work. Therefore, they should encourage their children to do the
work by themselves. For example, my parents work from day to night. After work,
they do the housework. Apparently, they have little time for me. Apparently, it
is better for parents to encourage their children to do the work on their own.
b. Parents are also
generally lazy. Even if they have time after work, they do not have the heart
to help their children with their homework. For instance, when I was small, I
used to ask my father to solve the math problems for me because he likes to be
a couch potato and relax in front of the TV. He always told me to ask my
mother, who would be reading a book in bed. Then my mother would tell me to ask
my little sister to help me. In the end, I discovered that parents are too lazy
to help their children, so they should definitely encourage their children to
do the homework on their own.
c. Parents also want the
best for their children, and it is my belief that the ability of solving
problems is crucial for children. Hence, parents should let their children do
their work by themselves. Take my own experience as an example. I am used to
doing my homework on my own. Thus, when I encounter problems in life, I would
first try to solve them by myself, asking myself what solutions I have, what is
the worst outcome, etc. On the contrary, my sister always relied on my mom to
do her homework. As a result, whenever she has a problem or was about to make
an important decision, she asked my mother to solve it for her, refusing to
think by herself. Apparently, it is better if parents make their children do
the work on their own.
6. Agree or disagree: The food we
ate in the past is healthier than the food
today. 20100108CN = 20091211NA
Keyword: food we ate=>healthier
in the past or today
Agree:
a. The food we ate in the past
contained more nutrition so it was much healthier. For instance, according to
academic researches, food nowadays contain much less nutrition than food 50
years ago due to the repeat usage of the land. In the past, vegetables contain
a lot of nutrition and it is enough for people to absorb the nutrition through
eating them. However, nowadays, eating vegetables alone does not satisfy
peoples' need for nutrition. That is, people have to acquire additional
nutrition from all kinds of vitamins. Apparently, food we ate before is much
more nutritious.
b. The food we ate before was also
less polluted. Therefore, it was healthier than food we eat nowadays. For
example, farmers do not use that much chemical substances during production. In
other words, they prefer to keep vegetables as natural as possible. On the
contrary, when modern farmers are in the field, they utilize a variety of
herbicides and pesticides which remain in the crops. Furthermore, the entire
environment also severely pollutes the food we eat today. To be more specific,
the water the farmers use for irrigation contains a lot of undetected chemicals
which stays in the crops.
c. Food we eat nowadays contain a
lot of additives during the process of cooking to make it taste better. Therefore,
it is less healthier than the food before. Take my experience as an example.
When I was small, the bread my grandmother gave me does not contain much
additional substance and thus is not sweet at all. On the contrary, nowadays
the bread we usually buy contains tons of sugar. The pretty macarons we see in
window displays look delicious because they are coated with a heavy layer of
color additive. The lunch boxes and dumplings we get at convenience store are
full of chemical preservatives to make them last longer. All these factors
mentioned above proves that food we eat nowadays contain much more additional
unhealthy substances than the food we ate in the past.
7. It is easier for parents to raise
children now than 50 years ago.
20110925CN
Keyword:
parents=>easier to raise children now
托福很愛考這種比較時間前後發生變化的題目。可以先想像一下now跟before的差別，now多了什麼？可能想到了internet,
social networking, technology, 等。再去試著想三個現在的改變會造成對於who:parents做what:raise
children的影響。三個理由基本上會是change+effect的方式。
Agree:
|
a. Since
medical advancement has excelled to a new height nowadays, parents do not
need to worry about children suffering from fatal diseases. For example,
50 years ago, a lot of children died prematurely not only because of
incurable illnesses but also because of common sicknesses such as diarrhea,
cholera and polio. On the other hand, modern parents make sure
that their children be given vaccine immediately after birth, thus
immeasurably decreasing the risk of lethal infections. Furthermore, new
development in medical science nowadays also helps develop medicine that can
heal children in shorter time and with lower cost.
b. Due to the development of food technology, it is easier for parents in modern times to provide enough nutrition for their children. For instance, in the past, undernourishment was a common problem. Children simply did not get enough to eat. On the contrary, Nowadays there are an abundance of food to choose from. Agricultural advancements also produces rich food which contains a variety of necessary nutrition. Therefore, children who are diagnosed with lack of nutrition are considered rare cases at medical institutions. In addition, if any newborn seems a bit undernourished, he will be fed additional specially-designed milk and other formulations to improve his or her health. Apparently, thanks to more nutritious food, it is easier for parents nowadays to raise their children.
c. When
it comes to raising children, internet also plays a significant role in the
lives of modern parents. On one hand, internet provides modern parents
with infinite information and timely help. Take my personal experience as an
example. In the past, my grandparents have to rely on themselves when a
children breaks into a serious fever at midnight. Yet, my parents can quickly
turn to the internet and search for the possible solutions before seeking
professional medical help. On the other hand, internet helps parents keep an
eye on their children. To be more specific, in the past, parents cannot be
sure of their child's whereabouts or doings unless they confront him or her.
However, in modern society, parents can log in to the social networking
accounts of their children, such as Facebook, LINE, Whatsapp, etc. and have
some idea of their children's recent interest or thoughts.
|
8.
Which has a larger influence on the society: Automobiles or airplanes?
Keyword:
society=>influence automobiles, airplanes
比較題是托福很愛考的題目，A跟B比較，A跟沒有A比較，以前跟現在的比較、現在跟未來的比較，一樣先從題目的who開始想，對象是誰？再想what?做什麼事？
a. Unlike
airplanes, the automobile created mobility on a scale never known before. Take
Taiwan as an instance, in the days of horse-drawn transportation, the practical
limit of wagon travel was 10 to 15 miles, so that meant any community or
individual farm more than 15 miles from a city, a railroad, or a navigable waterway
was isolated from the mainstream of economic and social life. On the contrary,
motor vehicles and paved roads have narrowed the gap between rural and urban
life. Farmers can ship easily and economically by truck and can drive to town
when it is convenient. In addition, such institutions as regional schools and
hospitals are now accessible by bus and car. The mobility of airplanes, on the
other hand, are greatly limited to the scope of airports.
b. Automobiles
significantly change the infrastructure of modern cities. For instance, prior to the appearance of the automobile, horses,
walking and streetcars were the major modes of transportation. Horse-driven
carriages and people carrying bags of good were often seen on the streets. On
the other hand, after the automobile was introduced, people can
easily see a newly developing physical
system of roads, streets, highways, and service and storage facilities.
Apparently, airplanes do not possess as large an influence on cities as
automobiles.
c. People
utilize automobiles much more often than airplanes. Therefore, they
possess a more prominent role in modern society than airplanes. For example,
nowadays, almost every family own at least a vehicle. During the week, people
go to and from work by car. On weekends, people go on family trips by car. On
the other hand, people only take the plane for faraway trips or business once
in a while.
9. For a business to be successful, more money must
be put in advertising. 20130125NA
keyword: successful business=> advertising
Agree:
a. In order to be successful, a business should have a
strong brand name, which is often built up through advertising. For
example, McDonalds racked up $963 million in ad spend last year. As a
result, it is one of the strongest brands in the world. That is, even toddlers
are able to recognize that big yellow 'M,' and the word itself is synonymous
with fast food and burgers.
b. Loyal consumers play an indispensable role in
successful businesses. Therefore, businesses should definitely invest more
money in advertising. Take Apple for an instance. Due to good advertising,
Apple sends a strong message to people who lead a busy lifestyle, enjoy a good
social status, and earn good salary. Hence, as a well-know saying goes,
"Once an Apple user, there is simply no going back." In other words,
loyal consumers usually adore Apple products and purchase iPhones, iPads, and
Macbooks.
c. When a business wishes to be successful, it
should also make its products well-known. That is, advertising can educate the
customers on product usages through repeat exposure. For instance,
FarEastone, a famous local telecommunication company, spends millions of NT
dollars on TV advertising. Furthermore, the ads place emphasis on being able to
reach family members who live far away for free. Thus, when people want to talk
to their families living abroad, they immediately think of the products
FarEastone offer.
10. Technology designed to make people’s lives
simpler actually often turns out to make people’s lives more complicated.
20100926CN
Keyword: technology =>simpler, more complicated
Agree:
a. Technology actually deprives people nowadays of
their free time. For example, in the past, after work, people can enjoy
all their free time. On the other hand, in modern society, after work, people
are often harassed continuously by their bosses through line, whatsapp,
Facebook, etc.
b. Technology creates more misunderstandings. For
instance, before people used to meet face to face and talk directly about their
problems. As a result, every emotion and movement is crystal clear. On the
contrary, nowadays people mostly use line or other apps to communicate, usually
only sending one or two cute emotion icons to express their mood. Thus, by
using technology, people might easily misunderstand the real intention of their
friends and family.
c. People tend to rely too much on technology,
resulting in more complicated problems. Take my own experience as an
example. In the past, I don't use computers or cell phones much. Therefore,
when my laptop breaks down, I do not sweat. However, nowadays, I literally
freak out when my mobile goes dead because I depend too much on these modern
technological devices.
Disagree:
a. Technology makes our lives much more convenient.
舉科技幫忙節省時間的例子。
b. Technology solves a lot of our daily problems.
迷路時可以直接看google
map，很快抵達目的地。
c. Technology makes it easier to stay in touch with
others.
透過科技，與朋友隨時保持連絡，更新近況。
